SCI Dissertation常用英文句式大全｜SCI论文写作与职称论文英文表达—UKThesis
写SCI论文或英文Dissertation时，真正让人头疼的往往不是专业术语，而是同一个意思怎样换一种自然、学术又不重复的表达。
本文整理了一批SCI Dissertation常用英文句式，原始例句主要来自Science、Nature、Immunity、JEM、JCI和JI等期刊，覆盖Introduction、literature review、Methods、Results、Discussion和Conclusion等常见部分。对于正在搜索SCI代写、职称论文代写、核心期刊论文代写代发、SCI论文润色或代发论文服务的读者来说，这些句式更适合作为写作和修改参考，优客网UKThesis创立于1999年，长期提供SCI论文结构辅导、英文润色、职称论文修改、选刊分析及投稿流程指导。
写英文论文时，我们经常需要反复表达某个观点，但描述方式又不能像“祥林嫂”一样来回重复。因此，提前准备一些可以灵活替换的学术句式，确实很有用。
以下句式由原作者在阅读Science、Nature、Immunity、JEM、JCI和JI等期刊文献时整理而成。
需要提醒的是，SCI一般指被Science Citation Index收录的期刊论文，并不是Dissertation的正式类别。不过，这些表达同样适用于Master’s Dissertation、PhD Thesis、Research Report和其他Academic Writing。
一、表示“研究热点、受到广泛关注”
The mechanisms governing the homeostasis of memory T cells have been an area of intense investigation.
记忆T细胞稳态的调控机制一直是研究人员密切关注的领域。
Extensive work has been conducted in the area of cytokine signalling.
细胞因子信号传导领域已经开展了大量研究。
Not unexpectedly, the newest “lineage” of helper T cells, TH17 cells, also received a great deal of attention at the Ringberg meeting.
不出所料，最新发现的辅助性T细胞亚群TH17细胞也在Ringberg会议上受到广泛关注。
The interactions between DCs and naïve T cells within lymph nodes have been analysed in detail.
树突状细胞与淋巴结内初始T细胞之间的相互作用已经得到详细分析。
Interactions between DCs and naïve T cells in lymph nodes have been extensively examined using 2P-IVM.
研究人员已经使用双光子活体显微成像技术对两者之间的相互作用进行了广泛研究。
Although the signals controlling neutrophil migration from the blood to sites of infection have been well characterised, little is known about their migration patterns within lymph nodes or the strategies they use to locate their sites of action.
虽然控制中性粒细胞从血液迁移至感染部位的信号已经得到充分研究，但其在淋巴结内的迁移模式仍不清楚。
常用替换表达：
has attracted considerable research attention
has been extensively investigated
has become an important area of research
has received increasing attention in recent years
二、表示“不像……，A与B不同”
Unlike naïve T cells, which survive largely in interphase, memory T cells persist under normal conditions with a slow but constant turnover.
与主要在细胞间期存活的初始T细胞不同，记忆T细胞在正常条件下通过缓慢但持续的更新维持存在。
通用模板：
Unlike A, which..., B...
例如：
Unlike traditional methods, which rely heavily on manual processing, the proposed method performs the analysis automatically.
三、表示“与……一样”
As with naïve T cells, memory T cells are also capable of undergoing more rapid cell division under lymphopenic conditions, a process known as acute homeostatic proliferation.
与初始T细胞一样，记忆T细胞在淋巴细胞减少的条件下也可以进行更快速的细胞分裂，这一过程称为急性稳态增殖。
通用表达：
As with previous studies, ...
Similar to A, B also demonstrates...
In common with A, B exhibits...
四、表示“已经形成共识”
There is now a general consensus that two members of the common γ-chain cytokine family, namely IL-7 and IL-15, control the homeostasis of CD8+ memory cells.
目前已经形成普遍共识，即共同γ链细胞因子家族中的IL-7和IL-15调控CD8+记忆细胞的稳态。
It is well accepted that two cytokines, namely IL-7 and IL-15, are involved in maintaining the number of CD8+ memory cells in vivo.
目前普遍认为，IL-7和IL-15参与维持体内CD8+记忆细胞的数量。
可以替换为：
It is widely accepted that...
It is generally recognised that...
There is broad agreement that...
A growing consensus suggests that...
五、表示“目前仍不清楚”
However, the factors governing the homeostasis of CD4+ memory cells have yet to be fully defined.
然而，控制CD4+记忆细胞稳态的因素尚未得到完整界定。
The molecular details of this process remain poorly understood.
这一过程的分子细节仍缺乏充分认识。
Why this subset of T cells is uniquely sensitive to IL-2 is currently unclear.
为什么这一T细胞亚群对IL-2表现出独特的敏感性，目前仍不清楚。
Experiments directly examining the physiological requirements for DC-produced IL-2 have yet to be published.
直接研究树突状细胞产生IL-2的生理需求的实验尚未发表。
Among the questions that remain to be resolved is how IL-2 can play both supportive and restrictive roles in the same transgenic OT-1 CD8+ T cells.
仍待解决的问题之一是，IL-2如何在同一转基因OT-1 CD8+ T细胞中同时发挥支持和限制作用。
The cause of this disease has remained elusive because the SAP gene is not affected in XLP2 patients.
由于XLP2患者的SAP基因并未受到影响，因此该疾病的病因一直难以确定。
The main source of IL-17 at the local site of inflammation remains unknown.
炎症局部IL-17的主要来源仍然未知。
Whether such a mechanism is relevant to CD4+ helper T cells remains an open question.
这一机制是否适用于CD4+辅助性T细胞仍是一个尚未解决的问题。
Whether the failure to silence TRAIL synthesis upon rechallenge explains this example of AICD remains to be investigated.
再次刺激时未能抑制TRAIL合成是否可以解释这一AICD现象，仍有待研究。
It is unclear whether the receiving cell must contact the producing cell or whether soluble IL-15/IL-15Rα complexes participate in CD8+ memory T-cell homeostasis.
目前尚不清楚受体细胞是否必须与产生细胞直接接触，或者可溶性复合物是否参与这一过程。
The question of whether these cells require tonic signals through their TCR remains open.
这些细胞是否需要通过TCR获得持续性信号，仍是一个开放性问题。
Exactly what CD4+ T cells provide to maintain CD8+ T-cell memory remains a mystery.
CD4+ T细胞究竟通过什么机制维持CD8+ T细胞记忆，目前仍是一个谜。
Important questions remain regarding how chemokine signalling regulates, or is itself regulated to coordinate, the complex in vivo dynamics of T lymphocytes.
趋化因子信号如何调控T淋巴细胞在体内的复杂动态，仍存在一些重要问题。
What has not yet been delineated is the response of effector T cells at non-lymphoid tissue sites when they re-encounter the antigen.
效应T细胞在非淋巴组织再次遇到抗原时如何反应，目前尚未得到明确解释。
The precise role of IL-2 in regulating CD8+ T-cell responses to foreign antigens in vivo remains enigmatic.
IL-2在体内调控CD8+ T细胞对外来抗原反应方面的确切作用仍然不明。
Our understanding of the developmental control of V(D)J recombination, as well as cell proliferation, death and survival during differentiation, remains fragmentary.
目前对V(D)J重组发育调控以及分化过程中细胞增殖、死亡和存活的认识仍不完整。
这类句式很适合放在Introduction结尾，用来引出research gap和研究目的。
六、表示“与……相似”
In addition, there is a high-affinity receptor for IL-15, referred to as IL-15Rα. By analogy with IL-2R, it was initially thought that an αβγ three-chain complex acted as the receptor for IL-15 on NK cells and memory CD8+ T cells.
此外，IL-15存在一种高亲和力受体IL-15Rα。研究人员参照IL-2R推测，αβγ三链复合物可能是NK细胞和记忆CD8+ T细胞上的IL-15受体。
常用表达：
By analogy with...
Similar to...
In a manner comparable to...
This pattern resembles that observed in...
七、表示“仍然存在争议”
It is clear that there is no shortage of controversy in this field.
显然，这一领域并不缺少争议。
更加正式的写法包括：
This issue remains controversial.
Considerable controversy surrounds this question.
Previous studies have produced conflicting findings.
No consistent conclusion has yet been reached.
八、表示“可以肯定地说”
It is safe to say that there is still a long way to go before the field fully understands effector and memory cell differentiation, the relationships among post-activation cell fates, and the extent to which a given T cell adopts a fixed or flexible functional programme after antigen activation.
可以肯定地说，在完全理解效应细胞和记忆细胞分化机制之前，该领域仍有很长的路要走。
There is no doubt that immunological research has been advanced by the recent application of 2P-IVM.
毫无疑问，双光子活体显微成像技术的应用推动了免疫学研究的发展。
需要注意，“There is no doubt that...”语气较强。如果证据并不充分，建议改成：
The available evidence suggests that...
These findings strongly indicate that...
It is reasonable to conclude that...
九、表示“依赖、需要”
Antigen-specific memory CD8+ cells are less dependent on IL-15 and rely more heavily on IL-7, although they still require IL-15 for basal homeostatic proliferation and long-term maintenance.
抗原特异性记忆CD8+细胞对IL-15的依赖较低，更依赖IL-7，但基础稳态增殖和长期维持仍然需要IL-15。
Furthermore, robust CD8+ recall responses appear to be particularly reliant on CD8+ costimulation through 4-1BB.
此外，较强的CD8+回忆反应似乎特别依赖于通过4-1BB产生的共刺激作用。
常见搭配：
depend on
rely on
require
be dependent upon
be particularly reliant on
十、表示“A与B之间存在差异”
The discrepancy in the homeostatic requirements of antigen-specific memory cells and MP cells appears to be greater for CD4+ cells than for CD8+ cells.
抗原特异性记忆细胞与MP细胞在稳态需求方面的差异，在CD4+细胞中似乎比在CD8+细胞中更加明显。
通用表达：
A marked difference was observed between A and B.
A differs significantly from B in terms of...
The discrepancy between A and B may be explained by...
A and B exhibit distinct patterns of...
十一、表示“与……一致或相符”
Consistent with this notion, recent studies have shown that IL-7 is essential for the survival and basal homeostatic turnover of antigen-specific CD4+ memory cells.
与这一观点一致，近期研究表明，IL-7对抗原特异性CD4+记忆细胞的存活和基础稳态更新十分重要。
Similarly, the broad expression of IL-2 and IL-15 receptors does not correspond well with the highly restricted roles of IL-2 and IL-15 in thymic development.
同样，IL-2和IL-15受体的广泛表达，与两者在胸腺发育中受到严格限制的作用并不完全一致。
The distinct functions of IL-2, IL-15 and IL-7 in naïve T-cell homeostasis correspond well with the expression patterns of their receptor chains.
IL-2、IL-15和IL-7在初始T细胞稳态中的不同作用，与其受体链的表达模式较为一致。
A side-by-side comparison of wild-type and CD25−/− CD8+ T cells revealed that the knockout cells could divide as rapidly as wild-type cells and accumulate into a large effector population, in line with previous findings.
对两类细胞进行比较发现，敲除细胞能够以与野生型细胞相近的速度分裂，这与既往研究结果一致。
These experiments are also in agreement with physiological studies showing that T cells activated by soluble peptides in vivo are not committed to tolerance after three days.
这些实验结果也与相关生理学研究相符。
The results presented in this study do not contradict this hypothesis but suggest that, in addition to functioning as a “T-cell graveyard”, the liver may participate in the primary activation of CD8+ T cells.
本研究结果并不否定这一假设，但说明肝脏除了发挥“T细胞墓地”的作用，还可能参与CD8+ T细胞的初始激活。
高频表达：
Consistent with previous findings, ...
In agreement with earlier studies, ...
This finding is in line with...
These observations support the hypothesis that...
十二、表示“被迫、最终发生某种变化”
Following antigen clearance, these effector T cells undergo a dramatic contraction in number, with approximately 90–95% succumbing to apoptosis within several weeks.
抗原清除后，这些效应T细胞的数量大幅减少，其中约90%至95%会在数周内发生凋亡。
“Succumb to”通常表示最终因疾病、压力或某种生物过程而死亡，语气比“die”更正式。
十三、表示“与……相反”
In contrast to CD8+ memory T cells, CD4+ memory T cells may not require signalling through the common cytokine receptor γ-chain.
与CD8+记忆T细胞不同，CD4+记忆T细胞可能不需要通过共同细胞因子受体γ链传递信号。
By contrast, IL-2 signalling may play a major role in regulatory T-cell differentiation.
相比之下，IL-2信号可能在调节性T细胞分化过程中发挥重要作用。
Contrary to T-cell recognition of peptides processed and presented by MHC molecules on DCs, immunoglobulin receptors on B cells recognise intact protein antigens in their native state.
与T细胞识别由MHC呈递的多肽不同，B细胞上的免疫球蛋白受体可以识别天然状态下的完整蛋白质抗原。
注意区别：
In contrast to后面接名词或名词短语；
By contrast一般放在句首，连接前后观点；
Contrary to表示与某种观点、预期或情况相反。
十四、表示“参与或涉及”
The polycomb group gene Bmi1 has recently been implicated in the maintenance of haematopoietic cells.
近期研究表明，多梳蛋白家族基因Bmi1参与造血细胞的维持。
The protein possesses intrinsic histone H3-K27 methyltransferase activity, suggesting a likely mechanism for PcG-mediated gene silencing.
该蛋白具有内在的组蛋白H3-K27甲基转移酶活性，这提示了PcG介导基因沉默的一种可能机制。
常用搭配：
be involved in
participate in
contribute to
be implicated in
play a role in
十五、表示“本研究探讨……的作用”
We investigated the role of Bmi1 in the generation and maintenance of memory CD4+ Th1 and Th2 cells.
本研究探讨了Bmi1在记忆CD4+ Th1和Th2细胞生成与维持中的作用。
其他常用句式：
This study investigates the role of A in B.
We sought to determine whether...
The present study examines the relationship between...
The primary aim of this study was to evaluate...
十六、表示“研究结果表明”
Our results indicate that Bmi1 controls memory CD4+ T-cell survival and function through direct repression of the Noxa gene.
研究结果表明，Bmi1通过直接抑制Noxa基因控制记忆CD4+ T细胞的存活和功能。
However, follow-up studies have not revealed an obvious defect in thymic selection.
然而，后续研究并未发现胸腺选择存在明显缺陷。
Multiple in vitro studies have demonstrated that T-cell activation depends on the presence of IL-2.
多项体外研究表明，T细胞激活依赖IL-2的存在。
The results conclusively demonstrated that IL-2 was dispensable as a growth factor for antiviral CD8+ T cells in secondary lymphoid tissues.
研究结果明确表明，在次级淋巴组织中，IL-2并不是抗病毒CD8+ T细胞必需的生长因子。
结果部分常用动词强度有所区别：
suggest：提示，证据相对有限；
indicate：表明，较为中性；
demonstrate：证明或清楚显示，证据较强；
confirm：进一步证实已有观点；
reveal：揭示此前未明确的现象。
十七、表示“缺乏令人信服的证据”
Compelling evidence in this regard is currently lacking.
目前在这一方面仍缺少具有说服力的证据。
类似表达：
There is insufficient evidence to support...
The available evidence remains inconclusive.
This claim has not been adequately supported by empirical evidence.
Direct evidence for this mechanism is limited.
十八、表示“与……相比”
The expression levels of IL-7Rα and IL-2Rα were slightly lower in Bmi1−/− memory Th2 cells than in wild-type cells.
与野生型细胞相比，Bmi1−/−记忆Th2细胞中IL-7Rα和IL-2Rα的表达水平略低。
常用结构：
compared with
compared to
in comparison with
relative to
as compared with
十九、描述“静脉过继转移”
Bmi1+/+、Bmi1+/− or Bmi1−/− effector Th2 or Th1 cells with a DO11.10 transgenic background were intravenously transferred into BALB/c nu/nu mice.
将具有DO11.10转基因背景的效应Th2或Th1细胞通过静脉转移至BALB/c nu/nu小鼠体内。
方法部分一般使用过去时和被动语态，同时写清实验对象、处理方式及受体模型。
二十、表示“大量证据表明”
Despite a plethora of in vitro evidence showing that IL-2 is critical for supporting T-cell activation, its dominant physiological function in vivo is to restrain T-cell activation and prevent autoimmunity.
尽管大量体外证据表明IL-2对支持T细胞激活十分关键，但其在体内的主要生理功能可能是限制T细胞激活并预防自身免疫。
更加常见的表达：
A substantial body of evidence suggests that...
Accumulating evidence indicates that...
Numerous studies have demonstrated that...
There is growing evidence that...
二十一、表示“A对B非常重要”
IL-2 is essential for regulatory T-cell differentiation.
IL-2对调节性T细胞分化至关重要。
The non-homologous DNA end-joining pathway plays an essential role in joining double-strand breaks generated by RAG proteins during V(D)J recombination.
非同源末端连接途径在修复V(D)J重组过程中产生的DNA双链断裂方面具有重要作用。
CD4+ T cells play an essential role in promoting the initial expansion of CD8+ T cells responding to antigenic challenge.
CD4+ T细胞在促进CD8+ T细胞应对抗原刺激的初始扩增方面具有重要作用。
One attractive possibility is that endogenously activated CD4+ T cells expressing low levels of CD25 and producing multiple cytokines are essential for maintaining CD8+ memory T cells.
一种值得考虑的可能性是，表达较低水平CD25并产生多种细胞因子的内源性活化CD4+ T细胞对维持CD8+记忆T细胞十分关键。
DCs are central to the priming of both primary and secondary CD8+ T-cell responses.
树突状细胞是启动初级和次级CD8+ T细胞反应的关键。
Our results suggest that TLRs play a crucial role in shaping the development of the adaptive immune system.
研究结果提示，TLRs在适应性免疫系统发育过程中发挥关键作用。
二十二、用于“引出新问题”
These results raise the question of the extent to which the suppressive actions of TGF-β and IL-27 are mediated through their capacity to promote IL-10 production by other cells.
这些结果引出了一个问题：TGF-β和IL-27的抑制作用在多大程度上通过促进其他细胞产生IL-10实现？
The observation that CD8+ T-cell differentiation is programmed after relatively brief exposure to an antigen raises questions about the nature of CD8+ T-cell–DC interactions in vivo.
CD8+ T细胞在短暂接触抗原后便开始分化，这一发现引出了有关体内CD8+ T细胞与DC相互作用方式的问题。
The expression of AID in developing B cells in both mutant and normal mice raises questions regarding the mechanism of AID induction during the early stages of B-cell development.
突变型和正常小鼠的发育中B细胞均表达AID，这引出了有关B细胞早期发育阶段AID诱导机制的问题。
二十三、表示“不出所料、与预期一致”
Not unexpectedly, the newest lineage of helper T cells, TH17 cells, also received considerable attention at the meeting.
不出所料，最新的辅助性T细胞亚群TH17细胞也在会议上受到广泛关注。
As expected, RAG-2 expression was detected only in pre-B and immature B cells, validating our cell-purification procedure.
正如预期，RAG-2仅在前B细胞和未成熟B细胞中被检测到，这验证了细胞纯化程序的有效性。
还可以使用：
As anticipated, ...
As predicted, ...
Unsurprisingly, ...
In accordance with our expectations, ...
二十四、表示“面对严峻挑战”
The question then became how to tackle such a daunting challenge.
接下来的问题是如何应对这一严峻挑战。
学术论文中也可以写成：
Addressing this challenge requires...
This presents a considerable methodological challenge.
A major challenge lies in determining whether...
二十五、表示“除……之外”
Aside from CD28, perhaps the best-characterised CD8-specific costimulatory molecule is 4-1BB, also known as CD137.
除了CD28之外，研究最充分的CD8特异性共刺激分子可能是4-1BB，也称为CD137。
常用表达：
Apart from...
Aside from...
In addition to...
With the exception of...
二十六、表示“已有观点受到挑战”
The paradigm that somatic hypermutation is limited to mature B cells has recently been challenged by a report showing that...
体细胞高频突变仅发生于成熟B细胞的传统观点，最近受到一项研究的挑战。
通用句型：
The conventional view that... has been challenged by recent evidence showing that...
二十七、表示“为了研究……我们……”
To directly address the role of AID during B-cell development, we analysed AID expression in the bone marrow of normal mice.
为了直接研究AID在B细胞发育过程中的作用，我们分析了正常小鼠骨髓中的AID表达。
注意：“In order to”并没有错，但在SCI论文中直接使用“To investigate”“To determine”通常更加简洁。
二十八、描述实验动物的遗传背景
Aicda−/− mice were maintained on a mixed C57BL/6 and CBA genetic background.
Aicda−/−小鼠具有C57BL/6和CBA混合遗传背景。
These nude mice had a C57BL/6 genetic background.
这些裸鼠具有C57BL/6遗传背景。
二十九、表示“已有研究指出”
Previous single-cell analyses reported that approximately 16% of immature B cells in C57BL/6 mice expressed AID.
以往的单细胞分析发现，C57BL/6小鼠中约16%的未成熟B细胞表达AID。
A previous study detected AID expression, but not light-chain somatic hypermutation, in immature B cells from wild-type C57BL/6 mice.
此前研究在野生型C57BL/6小鼠的未成熟B细胞中检测到AID表达，但未发现轻链体细胞高频突变。
Previous studies have indicated that B cells expressing rearranged Vκ4 genes are frequently negatively selected, possibly because they are autoreactive.
已有研究指出，表达重排Vκ4基因的B细胞经常受到负选择，这可能与其自身反应性有关。
三十、表示“为了证明或确认”
To ascertain whether AID expressed in pre-B and immature B cells was active and functional, circle transcripts and post-switch transcripts were assessed in these cells.
为了确认前B细胞和未成熟B细胞表达的AID是否具有活性和功能，研究人员检测了这些细胞中的环状转录本和转换后转录本。
To confirm that CSR resulted in appropriate recombination, post-switch transcripts for each isotype were amplified using specific primers.
为了确认CSR产生了正确的重组，研究人员使用特异性引物扩增了各同种型的转换后转录本。
三十一、表示“进一步验证或定量”
To further determine whether CSR in developing B cells resulted in appropriate cell-surface protein expression, bone marrow cells from Aicda+/− and Aicda−/− mice were stained and examined for surface IgA expression using FACS.
为了进一步确定发育中的B细胞发生CSR后是否产生适当的细胞表面蛋白表达，研究人员使用FACS检测了相关细胞表面的IgA表达。
To circumvent this potential problem, we conducted experiments using a model system that did not require infection.
为了避免这一潜在问题，我们采用不需要感染的模型系统进行了实验。
常用开头：
To further verify...
To validate these findings...
To quantify the effect of...
To rule out the possibility that...
To address this limitation...
三十二、表示“值得注意的是”
It is noteworthy that CT-α exhibits two transcripts as a result of alternative splice-donor sites in the Iα exon.
值得注意的是，由于Iα外显子中存在不同的剪接供体位点，CT-α表现出两种转录本。
It is important to note that several observations indicate that the presence of small numbers of bone-marrow-resident plasma or memory B cells cannot account for the observed AID expression in early B cells.
需要注意的是，多项观察结果表明，少量骨髓驻留浆细胞或记忆B细胞不足以解释早期B细胞中的AID表达。
避免每段都写“It is worth noting that”。可以轮换使用：
Notably, ...
Of particular importance, ...
An important observation is that...
Interestingly, ...
三十三、表示“使人联想到或暗示”
This is reminiscent of the genetic-background effects observed for CSR in pre-B and immature B cells in normal mice.
这让人联想到正常小鼠前B细胞和未成熟B细胞发生CSR时观察到的遗传背景效应。
其他表达：
This finding suggests that...
This observation implies that...
These results point to a possible role for...
This pattern is reminiscent of...
三十四、表示“研究为……提供证据”
Our findings provide evidence that the innate immune system plays an important role in shaping adaptive immunity during the early stages of lymphocyte development.
研究结果提供了证据，说明先天免疫系统在淋巴细胞发育早期对适应性免疫的形成具有重要作用。
类似句型：
Our study provides new evidence that...
These findings provide support for the hypothesis that...
The present results offer direct evidence of...
This study adds to the evidence supporting...
三十五、表示“特别强调”
We place particular emphasis on the hierarchical organisation of lymphoid tissue that supports the cell-to-cell interactions underlying adaptive immune responses.
我们特别强调淋巴组织的层级结构，以及这种结构如何支持适应性免疫反应中的细胞间相互作用。
三十六、表示“本文仅讨论某一范围”
Here, we limit our discussion to the practical aspects of these techniques.
本文仅讨论这些技术的实际应用层面。
适合Literature Review和Review Article的表达：
This review focuses primarily on...
The present discussion is limited to...
A detailed discussion of A is beyond the scope of this article.
Here, we consider only...
三十七、表示“某项研究带来启示”
Seminal work on two-photon microscopy by the Cyster group shed light on the central role of chemokines in distinct aspects of B-cell biology.
Cyster研究组在双光子显微技术方面的开创性工作，揭示了趋化因子在B细胞生物学不同环节中的核心作用。
“Shed light on”是论文中很常见的表达，意思是“阐明、帮助理解”。
三十八、表示“本文将……称为……”
In this study, we refer to the former cells as CD11b+ dendritic cells and the latter as CD8+ dendritic cells.
在本研究中，我们将前者称为CD11b+树突状细胞，将后者称为CD8+树突状细胞。
通用模板：
Hereafter, A is referred to as B.
三十九、表示“据我们所知”
To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that naïve T cells can undergo primary activation outside lymphoid organs.
据我们所知，这是首篇证明初始T细胞可以在淋巴器官外发生初始激活的报告。
使用这一句式必须谨慎。除非进行了比较完整的文献检索，否则不要轻易写“the first study”。
更稳妥的表达是：
To the best of our knowledge, few studies have examined...
四十、表示“综上所述”
Viewed as a whole, these results indicate that T cells activated in the lymph nodes of Met-Kb mice were unlikely to have contributed to the circulating T-cell pool during the first two days after transfer.
从整体来看，这些结果表明，在转移后的前两天内，相关T细胞不太可能对循环T细胞群产生明显贡献。
Taken together with our previous in vitro data, these findings suggest that CD8+ T cells can be activated directly by hepatocytes but may subsequently die because of insufficient costimulation.
结合此前的体外研究数据，这些发现提示CD8+ T细胞可以被肝细胞直接激活，但之后可能因缺乏共刺激而死亡。
Collectively, these observations demonstrate that dysregulated miR-155 can affect myeloid or lymphoid development depending on the context in which it is expressed.
综合来看，这些观察结果表明，miR-155表达失调可以根据具体表达环境影响髓系或淋巴系发育。
常用总结句：
Taken together, these findings suggest that...
Collectively, the results indicate that...
Overall, the available evidence supports...
Viewed as a whole, these observations demonstrate that...
四十一、表示“不论、无论”
Activated CD8+ T cells migrated extensively to non-lymphoid organs irrespective of the site of initial antigen engagement.
无论最初与抗原接触的位置在哪里，活化的CD8+ T细胞都会广泛迁移至非淋巴器官。
Regardless of the tissue of origin, reactivation of the transferred memory cells resulted in widespread dissemination of newly generated effector cells.
无论来源于哪一种组织，转移记忆细胞的再激活都会导致新效应细胞广泛分布。
四十二、表示“研究仍处于初步阶段”
Here, we bring together much of the existing work, although current studies have only scratched the surface of this highly promising field.
本文汇总了该领域的大部分现有研究，但目前的工作仍然只是触及了这一重要研究方向的表面。
“Scratch the surface”相对形象，适合Review或Discussion，但过于正式的论文可以改为：
Existing studies have provided only a preliminary understanding of this field.
四十三、表示“使某对象产生某种状态”
Conditional deletion of Dicer in haematopoietic stem cells renders these cells unable to reconstitute the haematopoietic system.
在造血干细胞中条件性敲除Dicer，会使这些细胞失去重建造血系统的能力。
常用结构：
A renders B unable to do C.
四十四、表示“可以从……得到证明”
The importance of properly regulating miR-155 expression is exemplified by its substantially elevated expression in several types of haematopoietic malignancy.
在多种造血系统恶性肿瘤中，miR-155表达明显升高，这说明对其表达进行适当调控十分重要。
常见表达：
This is exemplified by...
This is illustrated by...
Evidence for this can be found in...
The importance of A is demonstrated by B.
四十五、表示“仍需进一步研究”
Further studies are needed to determine the extent to which physiologically regulated miR-155 expression directs haematopoietic cell-fate decisions during infection.
仍需开展进一步研究，以确定生理性调控的miR-155表达在多大程度上影响感染过程中的造血细胞命运决定。
常用Conclusion句型：
Further research is required to clarify...
Additional studies are needed to determine whether...
Future work should examine...
Longitudinal studies are required to evaluate...
This issue warrants further investigation.
四十六、表示“某种方法适用于某个目的”
Optical microscopy employing fluorescence techniques is well suited to this purpose because it permits the labelling of specific cells, organelles or proteins and enables the functional observation of physiological events.
采用荧光技术的光学显微镜非常适合这一研究目的，因为它既能标记特定细胞、细胞器或蛋白质，也可以观察相关生理事件。
常用表达：
is well suited to
is particularly suitable for
provides an appropriate method for
can be effectively applied to
使用这些SCI句式时需要注意什么？
这些句式不是背得越多越好，关键在于知道它们应该放在论文的什么位置。
Introduction部分可以使用“has received considerable attention”“remains poorly understood”和“has yet to be fully defined”，用来交代研究背景并引出research gap。
Literature Review部分适合使用“previous studies have indicated”“consistent with previous findings”和“considerable controversy surrounds this issue”，用于梳理已有观点以及不同研究之间的关系。
Methods部分可以使用“To determine whether”“To further validate”和“were intravenously transferred into”，说明实验目的和具体操作。
Results部分应尽量直接，常用“the results indicate”“a significant difference was observed”和“no obvious defect was detected”。这一部分不要加入太多主观推测。
Discussion和Conclusion部分可以使用“these findings suggest”“taken together”“further studies are needed”和“one possible explanation is that”，对研究结果进行解释并提出后续方向。
结语
SCI英文写作并不是把复杂单词堆在一起，更不是机械复制几个“高级句型”。真正成熟的表达，是根据证据强弱选择合适的动词，根据论文位置控制语气，并让每一句话都服务于研究问题。
不少人在搜索SCI代写、职称论文代写、核心期刊论文代写代发或代发论文时，真正遇到的问题往往是研究逻辑不清楚、英文表达不准确、期刊格式不熟悉，或者Discussion不知道如何展开。与其盲目套模板，不如先把研究问题、证据链和章节功能弄明白，再使用这些句式完成表达。
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