Paper代写：Warehouses in postponement Strategies
Paper代写范例-延期策略中的仓库。本文是一篇留学生paper写作范文，主要内容是讲述仓库在提高组织利润方面发挥着重要作用，因为它们接收、储存和保存运往不同目的地的货物。基于仓库投资，组织制定其战略。一些组织利用业务波动，采用延期策略延迟产品交付。政府鼓励企业建立仓库，储存产品，并将其送往各个目的地。仓库储存产品并协助公司制定延期战略。下面就一起来看一下这篇Paper代写范例的具体内容。
Warehouses play an important role in enhancing organizational profits, as they receive, store, and preserve goods, which are shipped to various destinations. Based on warehouse investment, organizations devise their strategies. Some organizations used postponement strategy to delay delivery of products to exploit business fluctuations. Governments have encouraged companies to build warehouses, store their products, and send them to various destinations. Warehouses store products and assist companies in their postponement strategy.
仓库在提高组织利润方面发挥着重要作用，因为它们接收、储存和保存运往不同目的地的货物。基于仓库投资，组织制定其战略。一些组织利用业务波动，采用延期策略延迟产品交付。政府鼓励企业建立仓库，储存产品，并将其送往各个目的地。仓库储存产品并协助公司制定延期战略。
Role of warehousing
In the current competitive world of business, warehousing has emerged as a major part of modern organizations that aim to enhance their sales turnover and profits over a short span of time. Warehouse provides various services which including storing of goods, receiving goods, picking items from a particular locality, and shipping goods to a stated destination. (Tompkins 1998, p. 2)
In warehouses it is possible to store goods for a specified period of time. Industries, after producing goods, can store them in a warehouse. Organizations follow storage strategy due to different reasons. For one reason, organizations can bargain for higher price for their products. (Tompkins 1998, p. 2) On the other hand, companies failing to store their goods will lose their bargaining power as they are not able to demand higher prices for their products. Warehouses can be used to preserve goods produced in order to retain their original quality. Companies can obtain raw materials and other goods, which can be stored in their warehouses. Raw materials required for industrial production can be brought domestically and delivered directly to be preserved in warehouses. A few scholars like to differentiate between finished goods warehouse and raw material store room, but it is suggested that both perform similar functions. (Tompkins 1998, p. 2) Another function of warehouse is to enable shipping of products to a particular destination. Warehouse personnel can be asked to pack the required products & export to the requested destination. As there are advantages associated with warehouses, large numbers of companies have showed interest in maintaining their own warehouses. (Tompkins 1998, p. 2)
Traditional and modern economists have exhibited different approaches concerning warehousing. Traditional approaches suggest that warehousing is a “necessary evil”, which add to the cost that should be avoided. (Tompkins 1998, p. 5) Their argument is that warehousing adds to indirect cost of the organization. But, the modern approach is that warehouse is indispensable. It is like making a comparison with having a refrigerator. Today it is not possible to manage house without refrigerator. It is suggested that “The true value of warehousing lies in having the right product in the right place at the right time.” (Tompkins 1998, p. 5) This statement suggested that warehouses should be used in such a way that organization is able to achieve its short term and long term objectives. Warehouses should be used to store most valuable products or materials, which can be later transported to particular destinations. Proper management of warehouse resources and personnel can yield positive results while inefficient use of these resources can lead to negative impact on organization. This implies that industries need to understand way of optimal utilization of warehouse resources. (Tompkins 1998, p. 5)
Warehouses perform “gathering” and “breakdown” functions. (Gourdin 2001, p. 134) The gathering function refers to collection of small quantities of goods from different destinations and their assembly into large consignments. This function performed by warehouses allows companies to obtain commodities from various different locations, but achieve efficiency in transporting large quantities of goods to a particular purchaser. Break-down function refers to receiving large quantities of goods from particular vendor and assembling them into small consignments. For example, large grocery shops receive bulk commodities, which are later assembled into small packages that are sent to various destinations. (Gourdin 2001, p. 134) In this way, warehouses performed many varieties of functions. An advantage of warehouses is that they are flexible as their functions can be modified depending on company objectives and requirements. (Gourdin 2001, p. 134)
It is suggested that warehouse personnel perform duties such as receiving, storage, replenishment, order selection, shipping, and clerical administration. (Gourdin 2001, p. 126) ‘Receiving’ refers to receiving goods from different locations and maintaining a record of finished goods. ‘Storage’ refers to the process of storing goods in the warehouse. ‘Replenishment’ refers to shifting goods to temporary location for subsequent transportation. ‘Order selection’ refers to selection of goods ordered by customers and sending them to destinations. Clerical administration is a function wherein personnel maintain necessary records and use them to achieve optimum utilization of the warehouse storage facility. Therefore warehouse personnel also perform varied functions, thereby assisting organization in enhancing its competitive ability. (Gourdin 2001, p. 126)
Companies need to use strategies such as professionalism, customer awareness, and logistics network to achieve success of warehouse management. Warehouse personnel should exhibit professional qualities in order to able them to deal with challenges on warehouse management. The company should show awareness of customer demands, their wants, and aspirations. Based on such analysis, finished products and raw materials should be stored and transported to particular destination. Warehouses should be considered as a part of logistics network. This implies that transporting of goods from one place to another in shortest time is a major challenge faced by many organizations. To achieve this objective, one needs to invest in huge and efficient warehouses, which can be used to store goods. (Tompkins 1998, p. 6)
There are many different types warehouse such as public, contract, and private. (Gourdin 2001, p. 135) According to a survey, private warehouses are likely to provide efficient service to customers as they cater to specific needs of organizations. Public and contract warehouses which are also known as third party warehouses provide service to organizations which do not possess their own warehouses. They have various advantages and disadvantages. For example, organizations which did not invest in warehouse can depend on third party warehouses to store their goods; however those warehouses fail to provide customized service. The advantage of private warehouses is that they provide flexibility as their structure can be modified. (Gourdin 2001, p. 135)
It is suggested that “Management decision to utilize private, contract, or public warehousing (or some combination) flows from an analysis of the costs and benefits associated with each.” (Gourdin 2001, p. 135) In the end, it is the managers from the organization who take appropriate decisions based on cost-benefit analysis.
Warehouse and postponement strategy
Warehouse plays a notable role in postponement strategy. Postponement strategy refers to the principle that is found in supply chain management. This strategy is useful in reducing capital expenditure by controlling production and the storage of finished goods. Thereby this strategy can be used to provide satisfactory service to customers. (Jespersen and Skjott-Larsen 2005, p. 58)
Various types of postponement strategy can be identified. These types are production postponement, distribution postponement, and full postponement. In production postponement strategy, product customization is delayed until the customer order is received. This will gives flexibility as it is possible to store generic products and customize them depending on specific demands of regions. This implies that warehouses do not store specific products that are in demand in particular regions. Instead, products with general specifications are produced and stored in warehouses. The final product will depend on the specific orders received from the particular regions. This strategy was employed effectively by HP in manufacturing and storage their printers. General printers were produced and accessories were added after obtaining specific orders from various regions. Thereby, the HP was able to save capital by linking production to warehousing. In this way, production postponement strategy is benefited by use of warehouse personnel and resources (Jespersen and Skjott-Larsen 2005, pp. 58-59)
仓储的作用
在当前竞争激烈的商业世界中，仓储已成为现代组织的主要组成部分，其目标是在短时间内提高销售营业额和利润。仓库提供各种服务，包括储存货物、接收货物、从特定地点挑选物品以及将货物运送到指定目的地。（汤普金斯1998年，第2页）
在仓库中，可以将货物储存一段特定的时间。工业部门在生产完商品后，可以将其储存在仓库中。由于不同的原因，组织遵循存储策略。原因之一是，组织可以为其产品讨价还价，争取更高的价格。（汤普金斯1998年，第2页）另一方面，未能储存商品的公司将失去议价能力，因为它们无法要求更高的产品价格。仓库可以用来保存生产的商品，以保持其原始质量。公司可以获得原材料和其他商品，这些商品可以储存在他们的仓库中。工业生产所需的原材料可以带到国内，直接运送到仓库保存。一些学者喜欢区分成品仓库和原材料储藏室，但建议两者具有相似的功能。（Tompkins 1998，第2页）仓库的另一个功能是将产品运送到特定的目的地。仓库人员可以被要求包装所需的产品并出口到所需的目的地。由于仓库具有相关优势，大量公司对维护自己的仓库表现出了兴趣。（汤普金斯1998年，第2页）
传统经济学家和现代经济学家在仓储方面表现出不同的方法。传统方法认为仓储是一种“必要的邪恶”，这增加了应该避免的成本。（汤普金斯1998，第5页）他们的论点是仓储增加了组织的间接成本。但是，现代的方法是仓库是必不可少的。这就像拿冰箱做比较。今天，没有冰箱是不可能管理房子的。有人认为，“仓储的真正价值在于在正确的时间将正确的产品放在正确的地点。”（汤普金斯，1998年，第5页）这一说法表明，仓库的使用方式应使组织能够实现其短期和长期目标。仓库应用于储存最有价值的产品或材料，这些产品或材料可以稍后运输到特定的目的地。仓库资源和人员的适当管理可以产生积极的结果，而这些资源的低效使用可能会对组织产生负面影响。这意味着行业需要了解仓库资源的最佳利用方式。（汤普金斯1998年，第5页）
仓库执行“收集”和“分解”功能。（Gourdin 2001，第134页）收集功能是指从不同目的地收集少量货物，并将其组装成大量货物。仓库执行的这一功能使公司能够从不同的地点获得商品，但可以高效地将大量商品运输给特定的买家。分解功能是指从特定供应商处接收大量货物，并将其组装成小批量货物。例如，大型杂货店接收大宗商品，这些商品后来被组装成小包裹，送往各个目的地。（Gourdin 2001，第134页）通过这种方式，仓库发挥了多种功能。仓库的一个优点是它们很灵活，因为它们的功能可以根据公司的目标和要求进行修改。（Gourdin 2001，第134页）
建议仓库人员履行收货、储存、补货、订单选择、运输和文书管理等职责。（Gourdin 2001，第126页）“接收”是指从不同地点接收货物并保存成品记录“储存”是指将货物储存在仓库中的过程补货是指将货物转移到临时地点进行后续运输订单选择是指选择客户订购的商品并将其发送到目的地。文书管理是一项职能，工作人员保存必要的记录，并使用这些记录来实现仓库存储设施的最佳利用。因此，仓库人员也履行各种职能，从而协助组织提高其竞争力。（古尔丁，2001年，第126页）
公司需要使用专业精神、客户意识和物流网络等策略来实现仓库管理的成功。仓库人员应表现出专业素质，以便能够应对仓库管理方面的挑战。公司应该意识到客户的需求、需求和愿望。基于这种分析，成品和原材料应储存并运输到特定目的地。仓库应被视为物流网络的一部分。这意味着在最短的时间内将货物从一个地方运输到另一个地方是许多组织面临的主要挑战。为了实现这一目标，人们需要投资于巨大而高效的仓库，这些仓库可以用来储存货物。（汤普金斯1998年，第6页）
有许多不同类型的仓库，如公共仓库、合同仓库和私有仓库。（Gourdin 2001，第135页）根据一项调查，私人仓库可能会为客户提供高效的服务，因为它们满足了组织的特定需求。公共仓库和合同仓库也被称为第三方仓库，为没有自己仓库的组织提供服务。它们有各种优点和缺点。例如，没有对仓库进行投资的组织可以依靠第三方仓库来储存其货物；然而，这些仓库无法提供定制服务。私人仓库的优点是，它们提供了灵活性，因为它们的结构可以修改。（古尔丁，2001年，第135页）
有人建议，“利用私人、合同或公共仓储（或某种组合）的管理决策源于对每种仓储相关成本和收益的分析。”（Gourdin 2001，第135页）最终，是组织的管理人员根据成本效益分析做出适当的决策。
仓库和延期策略
仓库在延期策略中起着显著的作用。延迟策略是指供应链管理中的原则。这一策略有助于通过控制成品的生产和储存来减少资本支出。从而可以利用该策略为客户提供满意的服务。（Jespersen和Skjott Larsen，2005年，第58页）
可以确定各种类型的延期策略。这些类型包括生产延期、分销延期和完全延期。在生产延迟策略中，产品定制被延迟到收到客户订单。这将提供灵活性，因为可以存储通用产品并根据地区的具体需求进行定制。这意味着仓库不存储特定地区需求的特定产品。相反，具有一般规格的产品被生产并储存在仓库中。最终产品将取决于从特定地区收到的特定订单。惠普在生产和存储其打印机时有效地采用了这一策略。在获得各地区的特定订单后，生产了通用打印机并添加了配件。因此，惠普能够通过将生产与仓储联系起来来节省资金。通过这种方式，仓库人员和资源的使用有利于生产延期战略（Jespersen和Skjot-Larsen，2005年，第58-59页）
Distribution postponement strategy refers to distribution of products from a warehouse. Products are manufactured in different factories and distributed to a particular warehouse. This strategy allows organizations to produce items that are demanded by specific customers. For example, Atlas Copco Tools uses this strategy wherein a warehouse in Europe obtains goods from various regions and subsequently distributed out to many different destinations. Distribution postponement strategy gives extra time to companies to modify products to suit specific customer demands. Warehouses play important role in picking and storing goods and modifying the orders as per customer specifications. (Jespersen and Skjott-Larsen 2005, p. 59)
Full postponement strategy refers to combination of production and distribution postponement strategies. This strategy delays delivery of goods. Goods in this postponement strategy, are supplied directly to customers. This implies that the organizations using this strategy need not waste resources on different warehouses at national and international levels. This strategy has been adapted by B&O, which do not depend on large numbers of national warehouses. (Jespersen and Skjott-Larsen 2005, p. 60) Instead, a single warehouse is used to preserve and store goods. Finished products are supplied either directly to the dealer or send to the end customer. The warehouse of this company is designed in such a way as to avoid huge investment in warehouses that function at intermediate level. This shows that warehouses can be tailor suited to needs of entrepreneurs who employ different postponement strategies. (Jespersen and Skjott-Larsen 2005, p. 60)
Contract or public warehouses can be used to postpone payment of import tariffs, as the US law allows importation and storage of goods in specified warehouse for a period of five years. The advantage with this rule is that importer can store goods for five years and wait for the right opportunity to dispose goods. During this period of five years, the importer can store and repackage imported commodity, and finally when the imported commodity is exported to another destination, there is no need to pay custom duty. Such law can be used by companies to save tariff and enhance their income. (Carlbaugh 2008, p. 119) Such law states that companies need to pay tariff charges in vogue while selling the commodity, rather than while importing commodity. In this situation, warehouses play important role in storing and preserving goods and transporting them to international destination. Importing firms enjoy luxury of waiting for five years before selling imported commodity. In the absence of efficient warehouses, importers fail to store commodities and sell them at appropriate time. This proves that warehouses are not necessary evil, as they can enhance capital saving for companies. (Carlbaugh 2008, p. 119)
Companies can use postponement strategy to reduce production quantity. This strategy is necessary when companies face reduction in demand for particular commodity that depend on various factors such as global business environment and input their costs. Transportation costs can be reduced to considerable extent based on postponement strategy. In this aspect, warehouses play an important role as they assist companies in modifying production process. Warehouses can be used in transporting product parts instead of transporting finished products therefore warehouses can be transfer to places where parts are stored and arranged. (Shah 2009, p. 246)
At a particular destination, products can be assembled hence this result in product customization enhancing customer satisfaction. Warehouse personnel can be trained to provide specific service to customers in different localities. Companies can build warehouses in various locations to reduce transportation costs over long term. For example, cycle industry in India had adopted this strategy, where there is demand for customized cycles. Customers are given opportunity to decide the product specifications. (Shah 2009, p. 246) Parts are supplied to specific destination and assembled in assigned place. By using this strategy, cycle industry in India has saved space required to store finished products, and reduced incidence of damage to finished goods. However at the same time this strategy encounters a few challenges. For example, long term uncertain economic environment can affect company’s postponement strategy. In this situation, appropriate warehousing facility can assist companies to withstand hostile business environment and postpone production and distribution process. This helps companies which invest in efficient warehouses to benefit in long run. (Shah 2009, p. 246)
Summary
In the modern competitive business environment, companies cannot afford to ignore importance of warehouses, as they perform function of picking up and storing commodities. Warehouses can be used to preserve goods for a particular period of time. Raw materials and finished goods can be stored and sent to national and international destinations. Companies with assistance of warehouses, can introduce various strategies to enhance their competitive abilities. There is a provision in the US law, which mentions that for imported goods taxes need not be paid when they are stored in warehouses. Importers can buy time and dispose imported commodity at the right time and right price.
Postponement is an important strategy that is used in modern industries, which needed to survive in today’s competitive business environment. Warehouse supports postponement strategy by storing goods for longer period of time so that company is able to exploit volatile business environment, which depends on domestic and international developments and demands. Warehouses assist companies in implementing their production and distribution strategies. For example, companies such as HP have used postponement strategy in enhancing their profit. In India, cycle companies have used warehouses to implement postponement strategy, wherein sale of products is related to customer demand.
分销延迟策略是指从仓库分销产品。产品在不同的工厂生产，并分配到特定的仓库。此策略允许组织生产特定客户所需的产品。例如，阿特拉斯·科普柯工具公司采用了这一策略，即欧洲的仓库从各个地区获取货物，然后将其分发到许多不同的目的地。分销延迟策略为公司提供了额外的时间来修改产品以适应特定的客户需求。仓库在挑选和储存货物以及根据客户规范修改订单方面发挥着重要作用。（Jespersen和Skjott Larsen，2005年，第59页）
完全延期策略是指生产和分销延期策略的结合。这种策略延迟了货物的交付。在这种延期策略中，商品直接供应给客户。这意味着，使用这一战略的组织不必在国家和国际各级的不同仓库浪费资源。这一战略已由B&O进行了调整，因为B&O不依赖于大量的国家仓库。（Jespersen和Skjot-Larsen，2005年，第60页）相反，一个仓库被用来保存和储存货物。成品直接提供给经销商或发送给最终客户。这家公司的仓库是这样设计的，以避免对中级仓库的巨额投资。这表明，仓库可以根据采用不同延期策略的企业家的需求进行定制。（Jespersen和Skjott Larsen，2005年，第60页）
合同仓库或公共仓库可用于推迟支付进口关税，因为美国法律允许在指定仓库进口和储存货物五年。这条规则的优点是进口商可以将货物储存五年，并等待合适的机会处理货物。在这五年期间，进口商可以储存和重新包装进口商品，最后，当进口商品出口到另一个目的地时，无需支付关税。这些法律可以被公司用来节省关税和增加收入。（Carlbaugh 2008，第119页）这项法律规定，公司在销售商品时，而不是在进口商品时，需要支付时尚的关税。在这种情况下，仓库在储存和保存货物以及将其运输到国际目的地方面发挥着重要作用。进口公司享受着等待五年才能销售进口商品的奢侈。在缺乏有效仓库的情况下，进口商无法储存商品并在适当的时候出售。这证明仓库不是必要的邪恶，因为它们可以提高公司的资本节约。（卡尔鲍，2008年，第119页）
公司可以使用延期策略来减少生产数量。当公司面临对特定商品的需求减少时，这一策略是必要的，这些商品取决于全球商业环境和成本投入等各种因素。基于延期策略，运输成本可以在相当大的程度上降低。在这方面，仓库在帮助公司修改生产流程方面发挥着重要作用。仓库可以用于运输产品零件，而不是运输成品，因此仓库可以转移到存储和安排零件的地方。（Shah，2009年，第246页）
在特定的目的地，可以组装产品，从而实现产品定制，提高客户满意度。仓库人员可以接受培训，为不同地区的客户提供特定服务。公司可以在不同的地点建立仓库，以长期降低运输成本。例如，印度的自行车行业采用了这一战略，因为印度对定制自行车有需求。客户有机会决定产品规格。（Shah 2009，第246页）零件供应到特定目的地，并在指定地点组装。通过使用这一策略，印度的循环工业节省了储存成品所需的空间，并降低了成品损坏的发生率。然而，这一战略同时也遇到了一些挑战。例如，长期不确定的经济环境会影响公司的延期战略。在这种情况下，适当的仓储设施可以帮助公司抵御敌对的商业环境，推迟生产和分销过程。这有助于投资于高效仓库的公司从长远来看受益。（Shah，2009年，第246页）
总结
在现代竞争激烈的商业环境中，企业不能忽视仓库的重要性，因为它们履行着提取和储存商品的功能。仓库可以用来保存货物一段特定的时间。原材料和成品可以储存并送往国内和国际目的地。公司在仓库的协助下，可以推出各种战略来提高自己的竞争力。美国法律中有一条规定，其中提到进口货物在仓库中储存时无需缴纳税款。进口商可以争取时间，以正确的时间和价格处理进口商品。
延期是现代工业中使用的一种重要策略，现代工业需要在当今竞争激烈的商业环境中生存。仓库通过将货物储存更长时间来支持延期战略，使公司能够利用取决于国内外发展和需求的动荡商业环境。仓库协助公司实施其生产和分销战略。例如，惠普等公司在提高利润方面采用了延期策略。在印度，自行车公司利用仓库实施延期战略，其中产品的销售与客户需求有关。
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