英国约克大学dissertation课件(The University of York)：船舶技术和业务措施的实施影响

EFFECT OF IMPLEMENTATION OF TECHNICAL AND OPERATIONAL MEASURES
技术和业务措施的实施影响

The initial chapters of the report describe the amount and effect of greenhouse gas emissions from ships, and provide a general description of technical and operational measures to reduce the emissions. Based on the above presentation, the most applicable or cost efficient means for reducing emissions, or the total effect of the various measures, is difficult to consider. Historical data provide clear indications of increased consumption of marine bunkers. As a consequence of the increased total consumption, emissions will increase compared with the figures for the base year of 1996 as presented in Chapter 3.
初步报告章节描述了船舶温室气体排放的数量和效果，并提供技术和业务措施，以减少排放量的一般描述。根据上面的介绍，为减少温室气体排放的最适用的还是成本的有效手段，或总效果的各项措施，是很难考虑。

In order to quantify the effect of various measures, a selection of measures considered most relevant and applicable was chosen for further illustration. A case study was established primarily to quantify the effect of technical measures, while a modal comparison serves as an illustration of the potential of some operational aspects.
为了量化各种措施，选择认为最相关及适用的措施效果，选定为进一步说明的情况下，研究建立主要是为了量化技术措施的效果，而作为一个模式比较说明一些业务方面的潜力。

1. Scenario for future growth of GHG emissions from ships – A case study
船舶温室气体排放的未来增长情形 - 一个案例研究

1.1.introduction
介绍

Two scenarios for growth of the world fleet were developed for comparison reasons for a case study. A scenario in this context is a set of assumptions related to the development of the consumption of marine bunkers for the next 20 years.
世界船队增长的两个方案研究的原因进行了比较。在此背景下的一个场景，是在未来20年，一组海洋掩体的消费发展的相关的假设。

The primary reason for a case study with a time window of 20 years is the slow pace of introduction of new measures in a large world-wide fleet. A short-term analysis (5-10 years) is considered to provide information of limited value, owing to the fact that the replacement ratio of the fleet is low, and implementation of technical measures on existing ships will require a significant effort over time due to the large amount of vessels. As the uncertainties related to results increases with increasing length of projection, the upper limit for reasonable confidence in the results was chosen to be 20 years. In order to limit the model, results for year 2010 and
2020 are presented.
一个案例研究以20年的时间窗口，主要原因是引进新的措施，在一个大的世界，各地的车队速度缓慢。被认为是提供价值有限的信息，由于这一事实，短期的分析（5-10年）大量的船只，随着时间的推移，舰队的替代率很低，和现有船舶技术措施的实施将需要很大的努力。#p#分页标题#e#

Within the framework of the defined scenario a set of case studies, considering alternative measures for reduction of the fuel consumption or improved efficiency was performed. The world fleet consists of a large variation of ship types and sizes. In order to simplify thepresentation and assessment of the potential of different technical or operational measures for improvement, only four ship categories have been considered. Within the framework of the defined scenarios, case studies on the ship categories tank, bulk, container, and general cargo have been performed. The categories were selected based on their contribution to the overall emissions as presented in Chapter 3.
在框架内定义的情况下，对一组进行案例研究，考虑替代措施，减少燃料消耗或提高效率。世界船队的船舶类型和大小有一个大的变化。

1.2. Methodology
方法论

Case ships to consider
案例船舶考虑

Various options were considered for assessing of fleet growth and the corresponding effect on GHG  http://ukthesis.org/ygsslwdx/   emissions. In order to perform a quantitative presentation, it was found necessary to divide the fleet into segments, but at the same time limit the amount of information. To consider the total fleet in general terms was considered too coarse, while individual ship representation would require time and resources beyond the framework for the project. Based on the above, the combination of case ships and baseline scenarios was chosen in order to quantify the effect of various measures to reduce emissions.
对温室气体排放量的船队增长和相应的效果进行评估，考虑了各种备选方案。为了进行定量表达，发现要划分成段车队，但须在同一时间限制信息量。

A case ship is a hypothetical ship, representing a typical vessel in a specific ship category. The size of a case ships was selected based on the contribution from different tonnage groups to the total DWT of one segment. Main-engine effect was found by selecting relevant main dimensions for an actual ship of equivalent tonnage and then making an empirical resistance prediction based on the database from the MARINTEK towing tank. These results compared well with empirical data from DNV fleet information.
一艘情况下是一个假设的船舶，特定的船舶类代表一个典型的船只。基于从不同吨位组的一个段的总载重贡献，大小的情况会被选中。

Based on the results from the calculation of emissions in 1996, the ship categories were selected from the main contributors to the overall emission level as shown in Table 6-1.
在1996年排放量计算结果的基础上，选择主要贡献者船舶类别的总体排放水平，如表6-1所示。

Table 6-1 – Case ship description, based on Emission Inventory Analysis.#p#分页标题#e#
表6-1 - 案例船舶，基于排放清单分析。

The four ship segments represent approximately 80% of the CO2 emissions in 1996.
在1996年，四个货船分部代表约80％的二氧化碳排放量。