历史专业加拿大留学生课程作业-why did Nova Scotia and New Brunswick enter Confederation in 1867?
历史专业加拿大留学生课程essay-why did Nova Scotia and New Brunswick enter Confederation in 1867?
1. to enter Confederation can ensure economy interests
In July 1866, the U.S. house of representatives passed ”the merger bill“, in an attempt to get all parts of the Canada today. Whether based on such reality, worrying about in the dominant foothold absolutely become the birth of Canada's federal agent. Fathers looked at the south of the Canadian federal union 11 states caused by the American civil war was nerve-racking, they decisively decided to build a more powerful federal government.
On September 1, 1864, nova scotia, new Brunswick and prince Edward island representatives gathered in Charlottetown to discuss how to build a coalition of sea provinces, the hall was crammed into unsolicited as much as two-thirds of the Canadian cabinet. After five days of confrontation and host generous hospitality, like MacDonald, Cartier, Gaute, Brown and the fathers of the Canadian federal were impressed, they puts forward some ideas of building across continental country. Next came under the Canadian province took the leading, the movement swept all the British colonies in North America.
To tell the truth, the idea for most people of sea provinces was not much attractive. In addition to railway across colonies can bring some benefits, such as the Canadian market and 2.5 million consumers, the benefits of federal idea almost were little. Regardless of the people here love deeply a colony of their own, what never dreamed to become a member of the empire, not to mention involved in Canada political controversy. They put forward to the Canadian federal idea, which was not serious. all leaders said in October to talk in Quebec.
For the second time in the meeting, new representatives of Newfoundland had pulled out the colonies in North America the federal constitution. Newfoundland was real greeting over there, so the meeting formed an initial document, also known as "article seventy-two solution".
The Quebec conference was the second meeting before founded the Canadian federal in 1867. Since September 1864 in charlottetown conference Canada representatives were in hospitality by the prince Edward island governor and colleagues, John Alexander MacDonald request Monck governor to invite three sea provinces and representatives of Newfoundland in October to come to Quebec. Charlottetown conference put forward the idea of confederation is mentioned on the agenda, if discussing well, it is likely to draft a constitutional law. In charlottetown conference, the Canadian representative has proposed to establish the basic principles of the new nation: maintain relations with the kingdom of Great Britain; Residual jurisdiction belong to a central authority; to set up the bicameral based on regions rather than the number of representatives; Set up the responsible government in federal and provincial level; And the governor appointed by the British royal family.#p#分页标题#e#
Given their own inconvenience and the threat of southern neighbor, not unity is very necessary, so the colonies’ representatives made a compromise, not a colony is confounded. Most Canadian colonists are satisfied with that their leaders are expected to establish federal of Britain's north American colonies. In new Brunswick, Leonard Tilley who supported the establishment of the federalgovernment in the elections to be held in March was cut a ticket by voters from power. Nova scotia's prime minister, Charles Tupper despite avoided the same fate, but also dare not take federal issues to the province's legislative council vote. Under the influence of new Brunswick, prince Edward island and Newfoundland decided not to participate in the future confederation.
Actually by 1865, the idea of outlook of confederation was down, but perhaps it was doomed to the Canadian federalism, Canada has always been driving by force majeure. The protectorate British government pushed this. In new Brunswick, new prime minister was unable to start the alliance of sea provinces, there was no guarantee to sign reciprocal treaty with the United States, even if building a path to the American railway such a good thing he neither can do. All this suggests that the adults in the issue of federal idea still couldn't get the feasible solution. British colonial government office commanded, vice governor Gordon dissolved the new Brunswick's legislative council, of course, this action against responsible government act on principle. In Canada federalists promises of fiscal support carrots and deputy governor's support, Laddy won the next round of elections, new Brunswick’s federal reopened.
2. to enter enter Confederation can ensure Military security
In 1837, the British two colonies-Upper Canada and Low Canadian broke out uprising. The root cause of this uprising should be traced back to in 1763 and 1774; In 1763, the British won the st. Lawrence river on both sides of the new French colonies, in 1774, ”the Quebec act“ expanded Quebec border to the Ohio river and Mississippi River, and banned the frontier residents over the Allegheny mountains into the Ohio river valley. We know already that this restriction lead to the outbreak of the war of independence in 1776, however, it is extremely perverse, due to the war of independence, French Canada became a British territory. During and after the war of independence, thousands of tories - in the British empire - known as united empire loyalists who left. Some of them have been returning to the UK, some people fled to the British Caribbean islands, but many people head north, into the maritime provinces (nova scotia, new Brunswick and prince Edward island) and now belong to the Ontario wasteland. These loyalists were Canadian "pilgrim fathers". Their reservation and reservation of early French together established the basis for vast dominion of Canada.#p#分页标题#e#
3. conclusion
Because the coastal provinces and the Canadian province’s population were too little, they cannot be effectively isolated alone, the further development of Canadian politics, the league of Canada was established in 1867, is essential. In addition, the vast region in western Canada and without the exploration of resources are subject to develop, it is the responsibility of Canada. As the end of the civil war the patriotic American power chauvinism eloquence was popular, they look greedily staring at the north of the British colonies, therefore, the unity is not only to ensure the economic interests, and ensure the safety of the military. After a very short time of the discussion, the Canadian politicians both agree a joint agreement, on July 1, 1867 passed ”the British North America act“, established the dominion of Canada. In the later decades, dominion, as the United States expanded its territory to west to the Pacific. Manitoba, British Columbia, alberta and Saskatchewan in 1870 and 1870, 1905 respectivelybecame a dominion of the province.
References
RD Francis, R. Jones, DB Smith, 2000, Origins: Canadian history to confederation, Harcourt Canada
M Zaslow - 1975 -Reading the rocks: the story of the geological survey of Canada, 1842-1972, bcin.ca
E MacInnis - 1969 - http://www.ukthesis.org/ Essay_Writing/ Canada: A political & social history, library.wur.nl
L Hartz - 1969 - The founding of new societies: studies in the history of the United States, Latin America, South Africa, Canada, and Australia, books.google.com
JW Petranka - 1998 - Salamanders of the United States and Canada
Smithsonian Institution Press